Welcome to the ultimate guide to network Ethernet cables! Whether you're a tech enthusiast or a novice looking to set up your home network, understanding Ethernet cables is essential. In this comprehensive guide, we'll dive deep into everything you need to know about these cables, from their different types and categories to their uses and advantages.
Ethernet cables are the backbone of modern networking, connecting devices like computers, routers, and switches to ensure seamless data transmission. By choosing the right Ethernet cable, you can optimize network performance, minimize latency, and improve overall internet speed. Throughout this guide, we'll explore the various types of Ethernet cables, including Cat5, Cat6, Cat7, and more. We'll discuss their differences, advantages, and which one is suitable for specific applications, such as gaming, streaming, or business networking. Additionally, we'll address common misconceptions and pitfalls, allowing you to make informed decisions when purchasing Ethernet cables. So, whether you're looking to upgrade your existing setup or starting from scratch, buckle up, and get ready to become an Ethernet cable expert with our comprehensive guide.
Cat5e (Category 5 enhanced)
- Max. Speed Up to 1 Gbps
- Available in Shielded and Unshielded varieties.
In , Category 5 cable was introduced. It provided 100 Mbps network speeds with 100 MHz bandwidth and could send network data packets up to 100 meters (328 feet) without amplification. The cable's capabilities were a big leap forward, but they pale in comparison to what came next: Cat5e, or enhanced Category 5, cables. This improved version of Cat5 cabling was able to push the data transfer rate to 1 Gbps — ten times the previous rate. Even though this type of cable is more than 20 years old by now, it is still very popular and widely used. Newer standards have emerged since then, with Cat6, Cat6a and Cat8 being officially recognized by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), with Cat7 still waiting to receive the TIA's blessing.
Cat6 (Category 6)
- Max. speed up to 10 Gbps @ 55 m (164 ft.)
- Available in Shielded and Unshielded varieties.
Category 6 supports data transfer speeds up to 10 Gbps at 250 MHz along with improved crosstalk protection. The standard only supports the 10 Gbps speed up to 55 meters (164 feet), so if you need higher bandwidth in your network, Cat6 is the entry-level choice. Both Cat5e and Cat6 begin to become part of the bottleneck in your network as we see continuously faster Internet connections in both the home and office environment.
Cat6a (Augmented Category 6)
- Max. speed up to 10 Gbps @ 100 m (328 ft.)
- Available in Shielded and Unshielded varieties.
If your requirement is a 1- to 10-Gigabit Ethernet network, Cat6a is still currently the right choice for most circumstances. Cat6a supports the same 10 Gbps transmission speed as Cat6, but up to 100 meters (328 feet) and at 500 MHz. The cable also further reduces crosstalk.
Cat7 (Category 7)
- Max. Speed Up to 10 Gbps
- Only Shielded
- Best to be avoided
Category 7 was ratified as a standard in as per the ISO/IEC , but still is not recognized by EIA or TIA. Cat7 never superseded Cat6a since neither of the governing bodies approved the standard. As such, you will see many different claims from suppliers. Further confusion and uncertainty arose when two companies developed their own patented designs for new connectors (TERA developed by The Siemon Company; GG45 developed by Nexans). If you use Cat7 cable with Cat6a modular plugs, you will have better performance. Realistically, Cat6a is your better choice as it is a supported official standard, and you can be assured of quality and data integrity. Cat7 supports the same transmission speed and distance as Cat6a — 10 Gbps up to 100 meters (328 feet) — but at 600 MHz with even less crosstalk.
Cat8.x (Category 8, 8.1 [Class I]and 8.2 [Class II])
- Max. Speed Up to 40 Gbps- Only Shielded
Cat8 is recommended for data-center environments or high-speed switch-to-switch and server communications in a 25 Gbps or 40 Gbps copper network. Cat8 is the best choice unless you want to install a fiber network, too. Due to the design, Cat8, Cat8.1 and Cat8.2 support transmission speeds of 10 Gbps up to 100 meters (328 feet) or 25 Gbps and 40 Gbps up to 30 meters (98.5 feet) with an impressive 2,000 MHz frequency that even better prevents crosstalk. Where Cat8 and 8.1 are backward compatible, Cat8.2 is not since it does not use standard RJ45 connectors.
Aluminum electrical cables are a popular wiring choice. But do you really know all about it? Here are answers to the questions you didn't know you needed to ask.
Since electricity was discovered at the end of the 19th century, copper has been the go-to choice for electrical wiring. But in the s, aluminum wiring became an affordable alternative and won the competition over copper.
Aluminum can be found in the earth, usually in the form of a silicate or oxide. Most often, it is sourced from bauxite, a mineral, that is further mined and refined. Refining bauxite starts with the Bayer process, followed by applying heat and pressure to it and then combining it with sodium hydroxide. Lastly, the mineral is smelted, which creates 99.8% pure aluminum. For aluminum wiring, the received pure aluminum is molded for sale to manufacturers, who then draw it to create thin, long and flexible wires.
The choice depends on several factors. For example, aluminum wires are more affordable, lighter and provide higher impedance. They are also bigger than copper cables with the same ampacity. At the same time, aluminum cables are less elastic and conductive.
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Yes, you need connectors labeled with "AL," which stands for aluminum. These come in a variety of types, so look into the product range to get the right one.
Aluminum can be as long as you need it, just make sure to get the correct measurements.
Aluminum wire is completely safe for use in houses if it is installed properly.
Since aluminum cables are prone to mechanical damage, make sure to avoid bending your wiring during installation. It's best to prevent any rubbing, too. Another crucial thing to keep in mind is that instructions for installation and usage need to be followed strictly — installing your wire in an unsuitable environment can lead to overheating and hence, faults.
Aluminum wires are quite easy to identify — they are the color of aluminum and marked with "AL" on the jacket, which stands for "aluminum." If you know that a house you're at was built between and (in the US), the wiring used in it is most likely aluminum. In houses built later, you can also find "CO/ALR" marks, which stand for "copper/aluminum revised" and imply that it is an aluminum wire with a binding terminal.
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